Ecosystem: A self-sustaining system of plants, animals and their environment (lake, desert)
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Ecosystem: A self-sustaining system of plants, animals and their environment (lake, desert)
NATURE’S COMPLEXITY ecological systems & patterns
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FIBONACCI SEQUENCES (proportional mathematical patterns in nature)
2
Fractals (patterns repeating at different scales)
Fractals
` lEAVES
Snow-melt drainage & lung oxygen pathways
Cyclonic Clouds
Supernova Explosion
Milky Way Galaxy
Water going down a
drainpipe
5
Carbon Atom
Boron Atom
Our Solar System
Nature’s repeated patterns
6
Interplanetary Nebulae (the birthplace of stars)
Human
Eyes
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Cosmic Zoom Out/Zoom In Video
Levels of Life
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Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Habitat
Niche
Levels of Life
Biosphere: Contains all life on Earth
Ecosystem: A self-sustaining system of plants, animals and their environment (lake, desert)
Community/Life zone: Smaller version of ecosystem (a specific elevation, one side of a mountain, a tree canopy,etc.)
Habitat: Environment in which an organism lives
Niche: An animal’s functional role within an ecosystem (food chain, decomposer, pollenation, etc.)
What are some habitats of specific animals or plants? (a redwood tree, a crab, a lion, a buffalo, a polar bear, a New York stock broker, an organic farmer, a college student )
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Ecosystems rely on a food web
Food web & niches within one
community
Losing even one species can have dramatic effects
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Evolution of an Ecosystem
Patch Dynamics: countless sections of an ecosystem developing at different rates (parallel to polycentric/organic urban development)
Succession of species: Replacement of one species by another in a specific area due to superior adaptation or environmental event (parallel to succession of racial groups in urban areas/heavyweight boxing champ)
Succession: wipes out former species but creates new opportunities
Primary vs Secondary Succession: (video)
How is the climate crisis forcing humans to adapt as a species, or face being replaced?
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Sounds of the Rainforest
Birds:
Frogs:
Howler Monkeys:
Leaf Cutter Ants:
CaraBlanca Monkeys:
Photosynthesis in plants
Photosynthesis: (making food)
CO2 + water + sunlight =
Sugar(food) + oxygen
During daylight hours/summer
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Respiration in Plants & Animals
Respiration:
(burning calories)
Sugar + Oxygen =
CO2 + water + heat
During nighttime/winter in plants
accelerated by higher temperatures @ night (global warming)
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The Carbon Cycle
What ads carbon to our air?
Burning fossil fuels or forest
Respiration in animals & plants
Volcanic activity
What removes carbon from the air?
Photosynthesis
Absorption in ocean (acidification)
What is un-balancing the Carbon Cycle?
Cutting down forest and burning SO MANY fossil fuels.
(video)
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The Carbon Cycle
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The Nitrogen Cycle
Chemical fertilizer, sewage, & waste manure
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Nitrogen (N) is 78% of air
Plants absorb (N) from the air through the roots (by bacteria)
(N) in plants is eaten by animals
(N) in animal waste is released into air (by bacteria)
Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere
The Nitrogen Cycle
What is disrupting the Nitrogen cycle?
IN WATER: Chemical fertilizers pollute waterways, generating “algae blooms.” and “dead zones” in oceans
IN WATER: Concentrated livestock waste has similar effect.
IN AIR: N2O produced from cars/industry and chemical fertilizer
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The Food Chain
Producers/Autotrophs = Plants
Consumers/heterotrophs = Animals
Detritivores (“death eaters”) = worms, snails, termites
Decomposers = bacteria & fungi (external metabolization)
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Plants, Animals, Detritivores, & Decomposers
Plants
(producers)
Animals
(consumers)
Detritivores: worms, termites,
snails
Decomposers: Bacteria & Fungi
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Food/Energy Pyramid
High Energy
Low Energy
Energy content and total amount of food decreases with each step away from the sun
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Primary Producers
Plants
High energy level and largest supply
Primary Consumers
Cows, chickens
Large decrease in energy vibration and supply
Primary and Secondary consumers
humans
The Sun
Highest energy level
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END
Effects of Eating Lower Energy Food
Cancer rates rise as meat consumption rises
Meat production concentrates food supply, so millions starve.
Plants have fiber & antioxidants (healing & anti-aging)
Animal products have no fiber and also have free radicals (causing aging & disease by destroying cell structures & DNA)
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BIODIVERSITY
Definition: Number of species/ecosystems and quantity of each species/ecosystem
Why is biodiversity of food and flora/fauna important?
Resilience/survivability (pathogens & hazard events)
Soil fertility
Pest resistance
Medicines from plants
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Pace of climate change
Rapid Mass extinctions have happened before, but this is the first anthropogenic extinction.
Thousands of species go extinct every year.
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birds.wav
Ranas cantando.wav
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