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HIS 147 Paper One
O.k. everyone, let’s take a look at our first paper, “Short Paper One.” We will be writing what are called monographs, because they are focused on one subject. Historical monographs are always argumentative. You are making an argument based on your thesis. I ask students to make the last line of their introduction their thesis statement, and I ask you (for learning purposes) to write it exactly this way: This paper will argue . . . [we will fill this in according to what our subject is.]
HIS 147 Paper One
Historical papers rest on three main concepts. One, the thesis: What are you arguing? What’s your point? Example: Archeologists may discover new manuscripts in the archives at Mexico City, which you believe (after close scrutiny) assert that the ancestral Sonoran Desert people (Hohokam), actually spoke Athabaskan—which would place them within the Apache family groups (at least linguistically) rather than the O’odham, who presently claim them as their ancestors. This may lead you to believe that the Athabaskan-speaking Apache groups were in Arizona far earlier than historians believe now. Your thesis then is: The Ancestral Sonoran Desert people were Athabaskan-speaking, Apache ancestors. [I ask you to add: “This paper will argue . . .” just to help you stay focused on your argument.] Your paper might contain three main arguments, which you will devote one or two paragraphs per argument to. Your first argument might be, Ancestral Puebloan and Mogollon accounts place the Athabaskan speakers in Arizona far earlier than thought. (You know of some experts in talking sticks that claim that some references in these accounts are actually to Athabaskan-speaking people.) You would then cite the specific examples of these accounts, along with expert corroboration from the foremost linguists that you can find. Your second argument might be the numerous Athabaskan-speaking peoples’ artifacts that have been discovered at various sites around Arizona, which carbon-dating has proven pre-date the timeline that most historians believe that the Athabaskans arrived here. Again, cite as many examples as possible, along with expert corroboration to prove your point. Thirdly, you might argue that these recently discovered texts from Coronado’s expedition prove conclusively that he encountered Athabaskan-speaking Apache’s in the Casa Grande area far earlier than thought, that, in fact, the Casa Grande Ruins are actually an Athabaskan ceremonial site—which, again, you supply as many examples of this proof as possible, along with as much fellow expert corroboration as possible. HIS 147 Paper One
The second element of historical writing is methodology, which I’ll just briefly describe. This refers to the methods by which you gathered and analyzed your evidence. History is a social science, and, like all sciences, there are “industry-standard” methods for collecting and evaluating artifacts, fossils, and data points. If you break these norms, you imperil your thesis—and more importantly, your reputation and integrity.
The last element is historiography, which is, “What have other historians, archeologists, anthropologists, linguists, experts written about your subject?” The greater number of these experts you can assemble that support your arguments, the greater the weight your analysis will carry.
O.k., so let’s get to it. Here’s our paper’s outline:
- Introduction: Four or five sentences outlining our paper with the last sentence being our thesis statement.
- Body: Three to five paragraphs; each paragraph (or two) is one of our critical arguments.
- Conclusion: Summarize, restate your arguments emphasizing their validity based on your evidence which, without question proves your thesis, which you likewise restate in as vital terms as possible.
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