[SOLVED] Navaeh is a 17yo female who has presented to the antenatal clinic with amenorrhea

[SOLVED] Navaeh is a 17yo female who has presented to the antenatal clinic with amenorrhea

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Case Study: Nevaeh – A Teenage Pregnancy

Navaeh is a 17yo female who has presented to the antenatal clinic with amenorrhea. She appeared stressed and was concerned that she may be pregnant. Upon questioning, she also advised that she had been suffering from severe headaches and had taken 2x500mg paracetamol tablets just prior to arrival. Upon examination and ultrasound investigation, she was advised that she was 20 weeks pregnant. Preliminary blood and urine tests were carried out and support services were notified. She was scheduled to return to the clinic for counselling and further monitoring the following week.

Question 1

1. Breast tissue contains glandular structures relevant to Nevaeh’s reproductive function. Note the role of this glandular tissue in the reproductive function, including any likely changes due to pregnancy in the stimulation, secretion and resultant effect on Navaeh.
2. Considering Navaeh’s circumstances, describe the future role of oxytocin on breast tissue and discuss how the levels of this hormone may vary during post-pregnancy.

Question 2

1. Describe the role of kidneys in maintaining fluid balance with reference to the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Is Navaeh at risk of not maintaining homeostatic fluid mechanisms? Why/why not?
2. What is urinalysis and what is the significance for this case? With respect to the protein component for Nevaeh’s urinalysis result, and using your knowledge of normal kidney function, would you expect this result? Why/why not?

Question 3

1. What is gut motility? Is it likely that Navaeh’s gut motility has increased or decreased during pregnancy? Discuss Either peristalisis or segmentation in your response
2. Why is it important for Navaeh to maintain adequate protein intake? Discuss its importance in foetal development in your response

Question 4

1. Nevaeh has taken paracetamol for persistent headaches. Identify the route of drug administration and discuss how the drug is likely to be absorbed after administration and its likely bioavailability. Justify your answers by discussing whether the drug would be subjected to hepatic first pass.
2. What is the importance of the half-life of a drug? Assuming 100% absorption and half-life of the paracetamol is 6hours, calculate the % amount of drug that is likely to present in the blood after 24 hours.

Question 5

1. Consider Navaeh’s blood pressure result and discuss whether the mean arterial pressure is likely to vary during pregnancy. In your answer you must include references to a change in vessel length due to her pregnancy and briefly mention the consequences of any change in the BP upon the kidney function.
2. Discuss the role of the renin-antigionsin-aldosterone system in the maintenance of blood pressure in Navaeh’s circumstance.

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